The club was founded in 1876 by Middlesbrough Amateur Cricket Club. The first official match is played the following year against Teesside Wanderers at Old Archery Ground, ending in a draw.
Middlesbrough entered the FA Cup for the first time for the 1883-84 season, but they would partly remain as an amateur club until 1899 and winning the FA Amateur Cup twice during this period (1895 and 1898).
The North Yorkshire team became a member of the Football League in 1899 and played their first season in the second division. They reach the top-tier for the first time in 1902 and their best Division One position is a third place, which happened in 1914.
In 1973, the eminent Jack Charlton is appointed as a new manager. Among famous players in modern times, Bryan Robson (1994–1996, and later manager), Fabrizio Ravanelli (1996–1997) and Juninho Paulista (1995–1997, 1999, 2002-2004) can be mentioned.
In 1986, the club was facing a bankruptcy. It was followed by a shift of ownership and a reconstruction. The club had to start over in Division 3, but would climb their way up and played in the Premier League season 1996-97.
